Rose English Fantasy

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401. At the heart of a comer's coma lies a nucleus of solid material, typically no more than 10 kilometers across.
The word "heart" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) center
(B) edge
(C) tail
(D) beginning
402. The most graphic proof that the grand spectacle of a comet develops from a relatively small and inconspicuous chunk of ice and dust was the close-up image obtained in 1986 by the European Giotto probe of the nucleus of Halley's Comet.
The word "graphic" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) mathematical
(B) popular
(C) unusual
(D) vivid
403. As a comet's orbit brings it closer to the Sun, first the coma grows, then two distinct tails usually form.
The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) visible
(B) gaseous
(C) separate
(D) new
404. Pheromones are substances that serve as chemical signals between members of the same species.
The word "serve" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) improve
(B) function
(C) begin
(D) rely
405. Pheromones are the predominant medium of communication among insects (but rarely the sole method) . Some species have simple pheromone systems and produce only a few pheromones, but others produce many with various functions.
The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) obvious
(B) best
(C) only
(D) final
406. Some species, such as ants, seem to be very articulate creatures, but their medium of communication is difficult for humans to study and appreciate because of our own olfactory insensitivity and the technological difficulties in detecting and analyzing there pheromones.
The word " detecting " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) controlling
(B) storing
(C) questioning
(D) finding
407. Aphids, which are particularly vulnerable to predators because of their gregarious habits and sedentary nature, secrete an alarm pheromone when attacked that causes nearby aphids to respond by moving away.
The word "sedentary" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) inactive
(B) inefficient
(C) unchangeable
(D) unbalanced
408. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent;the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year-30 percent over the course of a generation.
The word "boosted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) ensured
(B) raised
(C) arranged
(D) discouraged
409. Since the 1790's, North American entrepreneurs --- even without technological improvements --- had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process.
The word "scope" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) value
(B) popularity
(C) extent
(D) diversity
410. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power.
The word "prolific" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) efficient
(B) productive
(C) self-employed
(D) progressive
411. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the Nation's largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, Good transportation networks, and eager customers.
The word "eager" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) wealthy
(B) knowledgeable
(C) regular
(D) enthusiastic
412. Small, both in format and number of pages, they were generally bound simply, in board(a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day paperbacks) .
The word "antecedent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) predecessor
(B) format
(C) imitation
(D) compontent
413. By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher.
The word "appealing" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) dependable
(B) respectable
(C) enduring
(D) attractive
414. Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in which they would be used.
The word "locale" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) topic
(B) season
(C) interest
(D) place
415. What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for over 50 million years?
The word "unique" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) inherited
(B) habitual
(C) singular
(D) natural
416. The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory ensocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground.
The word "rotting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) decaying
(B) collected
(C) expanding
(D) cultivated
417. Richly organized colonies of the kind made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.
The word "key" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) uncommon
(B) important
(C) incidental
(D) temporary
418. Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were once considered undesirable noises.
The word "wider" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) more impressive
(B) more distinctive
(C) more controversial
(D) more extensive
419. Non-Western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more finely than Western music does, thereby producing a greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, within the same interval.
The word "thereby" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) in return for
(B) in spite of
(C) by the way
(D) by that means
420. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles.
The word "meteoric" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) rapid
(B) famous
(C) controversial
(D) methodical
421. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse.
The phrase "apace with" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) anew with
(B) apart from
(C) as fast as
(D) at the middle of
422. After the 1870's, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism.
The word "prevailed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) dominated
(B) transformed
(C) entered
(D) generalized
423. Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South; Hamlin garland described life on the Great Plains; and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England.
The word "depicted" in line11 is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) emphasized
(B) described
(C) criticized
(D) classified
424. Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control.
The word "foremost" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) most difficult
(B) interesting
(C) most focused
(D) leading
425. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood.
The word "intensive" is closest in meaning to which of following?.
(A) decreased
(B) concentrated
(C) creative
(D) advanced
426. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use.
The word "assumption" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) understanding
(B) public awareness
(C) scientific knowledge
(D) expansion
427. The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the earth.
The word "merely" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) often
(B) only
(C) usually
(D) at first
428. One technique involves first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodentlike squeaks.
The word "emitting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) bringing
(B) attracting
(C) producing
(D) minimizing
429. The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken --- wing display, actually a continuum of injury --- mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near -complete helplessness.
The word "spanning" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) covering
(B) selecting
(C) developing
(D) explaining
430. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say, each short run between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest.
The word "pursue" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) catch
(B) notice
(C) defend
(D) chase
431. Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930's, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuous filaments were developed.
The word "appreciated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) experienced
(B) recognized
(C) explored
(D) increased
432. The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic, mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little evidence in this regard. However, the rocks themselves do include the earliest evidence for glaciation, probably a global ice age.
The word "scarce" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) ancient
(B) tiny
(C) available
(D) rare
433. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae of fine-grained sediments that resemble varves, the annual layers of sediment deposited in glacial lakes.
The word "resemble" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) result from
(B) penetrate
(C) look like
(D) replace
434. Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival.
The word "diverse" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) small
(B) varied
(C) wild
(D) particular
435. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger.
The word "ensures" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) guarantees
(B) proves
(C) teaches
(D) assumes
436. It refers to a limited time span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably stimulating environment.
The word "suitably" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) willingly
(B) moderately
(C) appropriately
(D) emotionally
437. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deep affectional tie between parent and baby.
The phrase "affectional tie" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) cognitive development
(B) emotional attachment
(C) psychological need
(D) behavioral change
438. Locke strongly suggested that individuals, while accepting their Americanism, take pride in their African ancestral arts and urged artists to look to Africa for substance and inspiration.
The word "urged" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) prepared
(B) defined
(C) permitted
(D) encouraged
439. From this unity created by the convergence of artists from various social and geographical backgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, was to result in greater group awareness and self-determination.
The word "convergence" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) gathering
(B) promotion
(C) expression
(D) influence
440. African American graphic artists took their place beside the poets and writers of the Harlem Renaissance and carried on efforts to increase and promote the visual arts.
The phrase "carried on" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) continued
(B) praised
(C) transformed
(D) connected

376. The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated ware and house wares like cooking pots and storage jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes.
The word "confine" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) adapt
(B) train
(C) restrict
(D) organize
377. Some sixth-and fifth-century B. C. Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand.
The word "presumably" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) frequently
(B) practically
(C) preferably
(D) probably
378. The expense of moving a family to the ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of many, and the cost of tools draft animals, a wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the simplest house, might come to$1,000---a formidable barrier.
The word "formidable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) obvious
(B) predictable
(C) difficult
(D) manageable
379. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier conditions. And despite the intent of the law, speculators often managed to obtain large tracts.
The word "intent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) purpose
(B) power
(C) effect
(D) invention
380. The smooth operation of an ant colony depends on ten to twenty different signals, most of which are pheromones(chemical signals triggering behavioral responses) .
The phrase "smooth operation" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) daily activity
(B) effective functioning
(C) delicate balance
(D) permanent location
381. The simple of these is the carbon dioxide from the respiration of an ant cluster, a chemical that acts pheromone to promote aggregation.
The word "cluster" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) organ
(B) activity
(C) group
(D) cycle
382. Fire ants also make use of an alarm pheromone to alert workers to an emergency, and their scouts lay down a trail pheromone as a guide during mass migrations.
The word "alert" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) allow
(B) transport
(C) warn
(D) provide
383. A fire ant queen emits a chemical signal that identifies her to the colony's workers. They respond by scurrying to gather around her. The decomposing corpse of a dead ant also generates a signal, to which workers respond by eliminating the corpse from the nest.
The word "scurrying" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) agreeing
(B) appearing
(C) competing
(D) rushing
384. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible.
The word "accessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) buried
(B) improved
(C) available
(D) workable
385. Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance between a china teacup and an earthenware flowerpot.
The phrase "account for" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) reduce
(B) explain
(C) combine with
(D) list all of
386. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk.
The word "diverse" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) surrounding
(B) divided
(C) different
(D) stimulating
387. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words.
The word "noted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) theorized
(B) requested
(C) disagreed
(D) observed
388. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.
The word "emphasize" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) stress
(B) repeat
(C) explain
(D) leave out
389. When songs have been subjected to these processes, their origin is usually impossible to trace.
The word "subjected" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) reduced
(B) modified
(C) exposed
(D) imitated
390. This constant reshaping and re-creation is the essence of folk music. Consequently, modern popular songs and other published music, even though widely sung by people who are not professional musicians, are not considered folk music.
The word "essence" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) basic nature
(B) growing importance
(C) full extent
(D) first phase
391. In 1903 the members of the governing board of the University of Washington, in Seattle, engaged a firm of landscape architects, specialists in the design of outdoor environments --- Olmsted Brothers of Brookline, Massachusetts --- to advise them on an appropriate layout for the university grounds.
The word "engaged" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) trained
(B) hired
(C) described
(D) evaluated
392. John Olmsted did the investigation and subsequent report on Seattle's parks.
The word "subsequent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) complicated
(B) alternate
(C) later
(D) detailed
393. With such unparalleled sums at their disposal, with the Olmsted guidelines to follow, and with the added incentive of wanting to have the city at its best for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition of 1909, the Parks Board bought aggressively.
The word "sums" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) problems
(B) amounts
(C) services
(D) debts
394. Many prehistoric people subsisted as hunters and gatherers. Undoubtedly, game animals, including some very large species, provided major components of human diets.
The word "Undoubtedly" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) occasionally
(B) unexpectedly
(C) previously
(D) certainly
The word "components" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) parts
(B) problems
(C) changes
(D) varieties
395. Hunter-gatherers may have contributed to Pleistocene extinctions in more indirect ways. Besides overhunting, at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested: direct competition, imbalances between competing species of game animals, and early agricultural practices.
The word "Besides" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) caused by
(B) whereas
(C) in addition to
(D) in favor of
396. If such hunters first competed with the larger predators and then replaced them, they may have allowed more young to survive each year, gradually increasing the populations of favored species.
The word "favored" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) large
(B) escaping
(C) preferred
(D) local
397. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well.
The word "integral" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) interesting
(B) fundamental
(C) ornamental
(D) overlooked
398. They flourished in Pennsyvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham's "Great and Stately Palace," its garden full of tulips.
The word "flourished" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) were discovered
(B) were marketed
(C) combined
(D) thrived
399. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter of the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
The word "grumbled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) denied
(B) warned
(C) complained
(D) explained
400. No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common, one of the most obvious of which is a coma.
The word "identical" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) equally fast
(B) exactly alike
(C) near each other
(D) invisible

351. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies.
The word "shielded" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) raised
(B) protected
(C) hatched
(D) valued
352. A second, more dense atmosphere, however, gradually enveloped Earth as gasses from molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents.
The word "enveloped" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) surrounded
(B) changed
(C) escaped
(D) characterized
353. With much of the water vapor already condensed into water and the concentration of carbon dioxide dwindling, the atmosphere gradually became rich nitrogen.
The word "gradually" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) accidentally
(B) quickly
(C) in the end
(D) by degrees
354. At any rate, plant growth greatly enriched our atmosphere with oxygen. The reason for this enrichment is that plants, in the presence of sunlight, process carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen.
The word "At any rate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) regardless
(B) in addition
(C) although unlikely
(D) fortunately
355. Over 25,000 islands are scattered across the surface of the Pacific, more than in all the other oceans combined, but their land area adds up to little more than 125,000 square kilometers, about the size of New York State, and their inhabitants total less than two million people, about a quarter of the number that live in New York City.
The word "scattered" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) widely known
(B) usually estimated
(C) rarely inhabited
(D) irregularly distributed
356. Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics, but even the most favored are very isolated fragments of land, strictly circumscribed by the ocean, strictly limited in terms of the numbers of people they can support.
The phrase "by virtue of" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) regarding
(B) because of
(C) taking advantage of
(D) in place of
The word "circumscribed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) located
(B) flooded
(C) restricted
(D) pushed
357. Simply surviving those ocean crossings of indeterminate length, in open canoes, to arrive on the shores of uninhabited and hitherto unknown islands, was a formidable achievement.
The word "indeterminate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) undecided
(B) uncertain
(C) unacceptable
(D) increasing
358. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars' efforts for several decades until the early nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the Greek inscriptions.
The word "thwarted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) continued
(B) influenced
(C) encouraged
(D) frustrated
359. Lichens, probably the hardiest of all plants, live where virtually nothing else can---not just on rugged mountain peaks but also on sunbaked desert rocks.
The word "hardest" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) most unusual
(B) most basic
(C) most abundant
(D) most vigorous
360. Unlike other members of the plant kingdom, lichens are actually a partnership between two plants. The framework of a lichen is usually a network of minute hairlike fungus that anchors the plant.
The word "framework" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) structure
(<B
(C) condition
(D) environment
361. When water is scarce (as is often the case on a mountain) , lichens may become dormant and remain in that condition for prolonged periods of time.
The word "prolonged" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) precise
(B) extended
(C) approximate
(D) regular
362. For decades, scientists wondered how the offspring of an alga and a fungus got together to form a new lichen; it seemed unlikely that they would just happen to encounter one another.
The word "encounter" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) lose
(B) support
(C) meet
(D) create
363. Newbery notwithstanding, Americans still looked on children's books as vehicles for instruction, not amusement, though they would accept a moderate amount of fictional entertainment for the sake of more successful instruction.
The word "notwithstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) in spite of
(B) in addition to
(C) as a result of
(D) as a part of
364. As the children's book market expanded, then, what both public and publishers wanted was the kind of fiction Maria Edgeworth wrote: stories interesting enough to attract children and morally instructive enough to allay adult distrust of fiction.
The word "allay" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) clarify
(B) attack
(C) reduce
(D) confirm
365. The characters of children in this fiction were serious, conscientious, self-reflective, and independent --- strong>testimony to the continuing influence of the earlier American moralistic tradition in children's books.
The word" testimony to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) inspiration for
(B) evidence of
(C) requirement for
(D) development of
366. The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history presents a striking appearance.
The word "undergone" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) altered
(B) substituted
(C) experienced
(D) preserved
367. It is now known that the vast majority of the Moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) special
(B) Known
(C) varied
(D) great
368. The term "latent heat" refers to the energy that has to be used to convert liquid water to water vapor.
The word "convert" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) mix
(B) change
(C) adapt
(D) reduce
369. In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun's incoming energy is used to evaporate water, primarily in the tropical oceans.
The word "primarily" in the line 19 is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) chiefly
(B) originally
(C) basically
(D) clearly
370. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
The word "ultimately" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) exceptionally
(B) dramatically
(C) eventually
(D) unfortunately
371. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life.
The word "demise" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) change
(B) recovery
(C) help
(D) death
372. One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years.
The word "finding" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) published information
(B) research method
(C) ongoing experiment
(D) scientific discovery
373. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful about such a place?
The word "insignificant" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unimportant
(B) undisturbed
(C) immature
(D) inappropriate
374. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops near their source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement.
The phrase "regardless of" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) as a result of
(B) no matter what
(C) proud of
(D) according to
375. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well before the Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and in decoration, for example, in the interplay of black and other glazes with the red surface of the fired pot.
The word "marked" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) original
(B) attractive
(C) noticeable
(D) patterned

326. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.
The word "unwieldy" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unmanageable
(B) unpredictable
(C) understandable
(D) unreliable
327. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild-and the accumulated knowledge of lens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
The word "controlled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) abundant
(B) managed
(C) required
(D) advanced
328. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends.
The word "illuminated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) illustrated
(B) accepted
(C) clarified
(D) lighted
329. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers-the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-is itself far from innate.
The word "prerequisite" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) reason
(B) theory
(C) requirement
(D) technique
330. The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are exceedingly small. The effect of gravity on them is minute. Air currents move and lift droplets so that the net downward displacement is zero, even though the droplets are in constant motion.
The word "minute" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) second
(B) tiny
(C) slow
(D) steady
331. Air currents move and lift droplets so that the net downward displacement is zero, even though the droplets are in constant motion.
The word "motion" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) wind
(B) change
(C) movement
(D) humidity
332. To the casual observer, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, moving about chaotically without fixed direction.
The word "random" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unpredictable
(B) perplexing
(C) independent
(D) abnormal
333. During the 1920's she was editor of The Dial, an important literary magazine of the period.
The word "period" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) movement
(B) school
(C) region
(D) time
succeeding generations of poets and readers.
The word "succeeding" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) inheriting
(B) prospering
(C) diverse
(D) later
334. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches.
The word "scarce" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) limited
(B) hidden
(C) pure
(D) necessary
335. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains.
The word "exert" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) put
(B) reduce
(C) replace
(D) control
336. A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.
The word "durable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) large
(B) strong
(C) flexible
(D) pressured
The word "shattered" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) arranged
(B) dissolved
(C) broken apart
(D) gathered together
337. The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice.
The word "dominant" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) most recent
(B) most common
(C) least available
(D) least damaging
338. Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport.
The word "primitive" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unsafe
(B) unknown
(C) inexpensive
(D) undeveloped
339. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development.
The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) in need of
(B) in place of
(C) at the start of
(D) with the purpose of
340. The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense.
The word "imitation" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) investment
(B) suggestion
(C) increasing
(D) copying
341. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.
The word "bartering" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) producing
(B) exchanging
(C) transporting
(D) loading
342. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located.
The word "supplanted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) conquered
(B) preceded
(C) replaced
(D) imitated
343. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples.
The phrase "charged with" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) passed on
(B) experienced at
(C) interested in
(D) assigned to
344. Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples.
The word "prime" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) principal
(B) complex
(C) general
(D) recent
345. Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve") . The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin.
The word "incised" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) burned
(B) cut
(C) framed
(D) baked
346. Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines.
The word "distinctive" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) unique
(B) accurate
(C) irregular
(D) similar
347. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear.
The word "yield" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) imitate
(B) produce
(C) revise
(D) contrast
348. But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their young.
The word "tend" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sit on
(B) move
(C) notice
(D) care for
349. Few insects feed their young after hatching, but some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed with their venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when they hatch.
The word "provisioning" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) supplying
(B) preparing
(C) building
(D) expanding
350. For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants.
The word "edge" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) opportunity
(B) advantage
(C) purpose
(D) rest

301. She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image.
The word "transform" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) move
(B) extend
(C) change
(D) interpret
302. At first she works only with objects, concentrating on their composition ; then she lights them and adds color from lights covered with colored filters.
The word "composition" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) arrangement
(B) brightness
(C) quality
(D) size
303. She visits each location several times to make sketches and test shots. Until she brings in the lights, however, she cannot predict exactly what they will do to the image, so there is some improvising on the spot.
The word "shots" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) injections
(B) photographs
(C) loud noises
(D) effective remarks
304. With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than an animal.
The word "shape" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) length
(B) grace
(C) form
(D) nature
305. The upper end of the sea anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal uses to capture its food.
The word "capture" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) catch
(B) control
(C) cover
(D) clean
306. When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and shortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a rock.
The word "retracts" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) pulls back
(B) relaxes
(C) reproduces
(D) lifts up
307. The first such attempt, the ambitious Project Mohole, got under way during the 1960's and proved the value of deep-sea drilling by making several test holes in the mantle beneath the crust before spiraling costs led to its cancellation.
The word "spiraling" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) rising
(B) necessary
(C) unpredictable
(D) circular
308. Soon afterward, however, work began on the more modest Deep Sea Drilling Project, which is not aimed at reaching the mantle but at exploring the crust itself.
The expression "more modest " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) more sophisticated
(B) more timid
(C) less ambitious
(D) less controversial
309. This venture uses a special ship, the Glomar Challenger, which can be held precisely in position in the sea --- without any anchor --- by sound-wave guiding systems and computer-controlled propellers.
The word " precisely" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) exactly
(B) clearly
(C) economically
(D) practically
310. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas.
The word "marked" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) underlined
(B) graded
(C) prolonged
(D) distinct
311. Puritan town councils expected widows and unattached women to be self-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land.
The phrase "unattached women" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) women without high social status
(B) women without property
(C) unmarried women
(D) unemployed women
312. The artisan who makes pottery in North America today utilizes his or her skill and imagination to create items that are beautiful as well as functional, transforming something ordinary into something special and unique.
The word "functional" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) useful
(B) strong
(C) inexpensive
(D) original
313. The potter uses one of the Earth's most basic materials: clay. Clay can be found almost anywhere.
The word "basic" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) familiar
(B) fundamental
(D) dirty
314. They then pour on the liquid glaze and let it run over the clay surface, making any kind of decorative pattern that they want.
The word "pattern" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) model
(B) color
(C) puzzle
(D) design
315. Horses live in a monochrome world. Light visible to human eyes, however, occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum.
The word "monochrome" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) monotonous
(B) ultraviolet
(C) one-dimension
(D) one-color
316. The world would look eerily different if human eyes were sensitive to infra-red radiation.
The word "eerily" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) strangely
(B) increasingly
(C) slightly
(D) superficially
317. They are, in fact, remarkably discerning in color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even by sophisticated technical devices.
The word "surpassed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) recorded
(B) exceeded
(C) found
(D) provided
318. Once, just before he died, when he was sick with the flu, I took him a sack full of oranges. The joy I felt in giving that simple gift is undiminished by time. He said he liked oranges, too. "
The word "undiminished" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) not exaggerated
(B) not lessened
(D) unequaled
319. And he was kind to me; I will always be grateful that in his absolute warmth and generosity he fulfilled my deepest dream (and need) of what a poet should be. "
The word "dream" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) nightmare
(B) expectation
(C) sleep
(D) misconception
320. "After my first meeting with Langston Hughes I vowed I would write a book about him for children someday.
The word "vowed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) confided
(B) b<elieved
(C) denied
(D) promised
321. A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind.
The word "altered" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) determined
(B) changed
(C) accumulated
(D) needed
322. With encouragement from the park, local landowners initiated a land-use planning effort to guide the future of the North Fork.
The word "initiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) started
(B) requested
(C) purchased
(D) considered
323. The willingness of local landowners to participate in this protection effort may have been stimulated by concerns that Congress would impose a legislative solution.
The word "stimulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) motivated
(B) anticipated
(C) substituted
(D) undermined
324. Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing the character of the area.
The word "retain" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) preserve
(B) possess
(C) enjoy
(D) improve
325. There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods
The word "divergent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) different
(B) distributed
(C) recorded
(D) prominent

276. The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households;it dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle.
The word "drew" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) obliged
(B) designed
(C) helped
(D ) attracted
277. It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilate distance and space by allowing movement at any time and in any season or type of weather.
The word "annihilate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) conquer
(B) utilize
(C) separate
(D) mechanize
278. Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called "the metropolitan corridor" of the American landscape.
The word "Moreover" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) consequently
(B) furthermore
(C) although
(D) because
The word "aptly" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) appropriately
(B) virtually
(C) consistently
(D) incessantly
279. The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.
The word "fashion" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) maintain
(B) organize
(C) trade
(D) create
280. In addition, they made used of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.
The word "article" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) decoration
(B) shape
(C) design
(D) object
281. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.
The word "staples" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) combinations
(B) limitations
(C) accessories
(D) basic elements
282. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different ways.
The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) systematic
(B) beautiful
(C) different
(D) compatible
283. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself.
The word "invade" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) move into
(B) neutralize
(C) cover
(D) deposit
284. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion.
The word "contemporary" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) vast
(B) natural
(C) existing
(D) uneven
285. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals.
The word "finely" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) minutely
(B) loosely
(C) sensitively
(D) purely
286. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared-the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools.
The phrase "in place of" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) connected to
(B) in addition to
(C) because of
(D) instead of

The word "attendant" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) avoidable
(B) accompanying
(C) unwelcome
(D) unexpected
287. Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16, 000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century.
The phrase "exponential leaps" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) long wars
(B) new laws
(C) rapid increases
(D) exciting changes
288. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities.
The word "dictated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) spoiled
(B) reduced
(C) determined
(D) divided
289. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of its timber. The available farmland was occupied; there was little in the region beyond the city to attract immigrants.
The word "virtually" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) usually
(B) hardly
(C) very quickly
(D) almost completely
290. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheet can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.
The word "essential" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) introductory
(B) changeable
(C) beneficial
(D) fundamental
291. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined.
The word "pertinent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) relevant
(B) preceding
(C) insightful
(D) responsive
292. A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones.
The word "succinct" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) creative
(B) satisfactory
(C) personal
(D) concise
293. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
The word "revise" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) ask
(B) explain
(C) change
(D) predict
294. The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of free public services that are essential for the support of civilizations.
The word "array" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) large number
(B) excess
(C) requirement
(D) model
295. They do know, however, that the theory once advanced in the nineteenth century --- that the productivity of the land can be infinitely increased by the application of capital, labor, and science --- is wrong.
The word "advanced" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) debated
(B) ignored
(C) proved
(D) proposed
296. Two reasons are usually advanced to account for this tardy development, namely, the mental difficulties and the physical difficulties encountered in such work.
The word "tardy" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) historical
(B) basic
(C) unusual
(D) late
297. The first of these, the mental difficulties, must be somewhat discounted. The impression that the ancient numeral systems are not amenable to even the simplest calculations is largely based on lack of familiarity with these systems.
The word "discounted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) reduced
(B) contradicted
(C) disregarded
(D) interpreted
298. Without a plentiful and convenient supply of some suitable writing medium, any very extended development of the arithmetic process was bound to be hampered.
The word "hampered" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) impeded
(B) concluded
(C) unnoticed
(D) rejected
299. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core.
The word "great" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) dangerous
(B) unknown
(C) variable
(D) strong
300. The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spike like rays near the Sun's north and south poles.
The word "sensational" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) spectacular
(B) predictable
(C) bizarre
(D) constant

251. It slowed construction of forts and inhibited their military function.
The word "inhibited" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) involved
(B) exploited
(C) united
(D) hindered
252. Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart, the most obvious difference being that it is often much heavier.
The word "counterpart' is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) species
(B) version
(C) change
(D) material
253. But it is a wrong interpretation; fossils are frequently so dense because the pores and other spaces in the bone have become filled with minerals taken up from the surrounding sediments.
The word "pores" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) joints
(B) tissues
(C) lines
(D) holes
254. Although nothing remains of the original collagen, some of its component amino acids are usually still detectable, together with amino acids of the noncollagen proteins of bone.
The word "detectable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sizable
(B) active
(C) moist
(D) apparent
255. In spite of Hunt's inviting facade, the living space was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to reunion in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couples and bachelors.
The word "inviting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) open
(B) encouraging
(C) attractive
(D) asking
256. Those who could afford them were quite content to reunion in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couples and bachelors.
The word "sumptuous" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) luxurious
(B) unique
(C) modern
(D) distant
257. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require.
The word "yield" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) harvest
(B) surrender
(C) amount
(D) provide
258. A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of frozen precipitation.
The word "minute" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) tiny
(B) quick
(C) clear
(D) sharp
259. The process can be very rapid, quickly creating sizable ice crystals, some of which adhere to each other to create a cluster of ice crystals or a snowflake.
The word "adhere" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) belong
(B) relate
(C) stick
(D) speed
260. In addition, mountainous sections or rising terrain can initiate snowfalls by the geographical lifting of a moist airstream.
The word "initiate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) enhance
(B) alter
(C) increase
(D) begin
261. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents.
The word "modifying" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) changing
(B) traveling
(C) describing
(D) destroying
262. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.
The word "rapidity" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) significance
(B) method
(C) swiftness
(D) reliability
263. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.
The word "efficiency" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) relationship
(B) growth
(C) influence
(D) effectiveness
264. Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets.
The word "rear" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) visit
(B) watch
(C) reverse
(D) raise
265. The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.
The word "scale" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) climb
(B) avoid
(C) approach
(D) measure
266. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls.
The word "immunity" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) distance
(B) transition
(C) protection
(D) reminder
267. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.
The word "conspicuous" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) disordered
(B) suspicious
(C) noticeable
(D) appealing
268. On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them.
The phrase "On the other hand " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) therefore
(B) however
(C) for example
(D) by no means
269. Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities.
The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) diagonal
(B) slope
(C) distortion
(D) prejudice
270. These new urbanites, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
The word "embraced" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) suggested
(B) overestimated
(C) demanded
(D) welcomed
271. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them.
The word "exorbitant" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) additional
(B) expensive
(C) various
(D) modified
272. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
The word "Proponents" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) Experts
(B) Pioneers
(C) Reviewers
(D) Supporters
273. By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions. By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artist had already undergone change.
The word "outbreak" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) cause
(B) beginning
(C) position
(D) explanation
The word "undergone" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) led to
(B) transformed
(C) preferred
(D) experienced
274. Some colonial urban portraitist, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Willson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons.
The word "consorted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) made decisions
(B) studied
(C) agreed
(D) associated
275. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings.
The word "sufficient" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) adequate
(B) temporary
(C) friendly
(D) expensive

226. Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also, thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.
The phrase "thanks to " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) grateful for
(B) help with
(C) because of
(D) machines for
227. The most eagerly anticipated social events were the rural fairs. Hundreds of men, women, and children attended from far and near.
The phrase "eagerly anticipated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) well organized
(B) old-fashioned
(C) strongly opposed
(D) looked forward to
228. Although the phlogiston theory was self-consistent, it was awkward because it required that imaginative, even mysterious, properties be ascribed to phlogiston.
The word "properties" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) interpretations
(B) locations
(C) characteristics
(D) virtues
229. Although the phlogiston theory was self-consistent, it was awkward because it required that imaginative, even mysterious, properties be ascribed to phlogiston.
The phrase "ascribed to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) analyzed and isolated in
(B) returned to their original condition in
(C) assumed to be true of
(E) diagrammed with
230. In the eighteenth century, Antoine Lavoisier, on the basis of careful experimentation was led to propose a different theory of burning, one that required a constituent of air-later shown to be oxygen-for combustion.
The word "constituent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) component
(B) opposite
(C) principle
(D) temperature
231. Since the weight of the oxygen is always added, the weight of the products of combustion, including the evolved gases, would always be greater than the weight of the starting material.
The word "Since" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) later
(B) because
(C) during
(D) although
232. Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was first used instead of charcoal for refining iron ore.
The word "revolutionized" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) quickly started
(B) gradually opened
(C) dramatically changed
(D) carefully examined
233. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength, its resistance to fire, and its potential to span vast areas.
The word "appeal" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) adjustment
(B) assignment
(C) attraction
(D) attempt
234. Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building types spawned by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibition halls, and railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack of status.
The word "spawned" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) created
(B) maintained
(C) rejected
(D) exposed
235. Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval hurches and cathedrals.
The word "surpassed" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) imitated
(B) exceeded
(C) approached
(D) included
236. Their composition is thought to be similar to that of Earth's iron core, and indeed they might have once made up the core of a large planetoid that disintegrated long ago.
The word "core" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) center
(B) surface
(C) mineral
(D) field
237. When meteorites fall on the continent, they are embedded in the moving ice sheets. At places where the glaciers move upward against mountain ranges, meteorites are left exposed on the surface.
The word "embedded" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) isolated
(B) encased
(C) enhanced
(D) enlarged
238. The pale, smooth desert plain provides a perfect backdrop for spotting meteorites, which are usually dark brown of black.
The word "spotting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) removing
(B) identifying
(C) cooling
(D) falling
239. A pioneering set of experiments has been important in the revolution in our understanding of animal behavior-a revolution that eroded the behaviorist dogma that only humans have minds.
The word "dogma" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) evaluation
(B) proof
(C) intention
(D) belief
240. These experiments were designed to detect consciousness ---
The word "detect" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) imitate the behavior of
(B) provide a reason for
(C) discover the presence of
(D) report a need for
241. The scientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist. This may be one reason that many researchers have shied away from the notion of mind and consciousness in nonhuman animals.
The phrase "shied away from" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) approached
(B) avoided
(C) respected
(D) allowed
242. Gallup' report of the experiment, published in a 1970 article, was a milestone in our understanding of animal minds, and psychologists wondered how widespread self-recognition would prove to be.
The word "milestone" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) significant development
(B) initial step
(C) universal concept
(D) obstruction to progress
243. Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades.
The word "critical" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) negative
(B) essential
(C) interesting
(D) complicated
244. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems.
The word "jolting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) predicted
(B) shocking
(C) unknown
(D) illuminating
245. However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment.
The word "magnitude" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) concern
(B) determination
(C) carelessness
(E) extent
246. The conservatism of the early English colonists in North American, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England.
The phrase "attachment to " is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) control of
(B) distance from
(C) curiosity about
(D) preference for
247. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue of protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint-thus the term "joiner.鈥?br /> The word "protruding" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) parallel
(B) simple
(C) projecting
(D) important
248. Locks and escutcheon plates-the latter to shield the wood from the metal key-would often be imported.
The word "shield" in line 23 closest in meaning to
(A) decorate
(B) copy
(C) shape
(D) protect
249. The establishment of these posts opened new roads and provided for the protection of daring adventurers and expeditions as well as established settlers.
The word "daring" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) lost
(B) bold
(C) lively
(D) foolish
250. Throughout the wilderness, post bands provided entertainment and boosted morale.
The word "boosted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) influenced
(B) established
(C) raised
(D) maintained

201. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
The words "exposed to" in line 19 are closest in meaning to
(A) hardened by
(B) chilled with
(C) subjected to
(D) deprived of
202. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
The word "induced" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) joined
(B) missed
(C) caused
(D) lost
203. The best-known specimens are the remarkable tracks discovered at Lactoli, Tanzania, by Mary Leakey.
The word "remarkable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) extraordinary
(B) enormous
(C) various
(D) orderly
204. The pressures exerted along the foot, together with the length of stride, which averaged 87 centimeters, indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly. In short, all the detectable morphological features implied that the feet that left the footprints were very little different from those of contemporary humans.
The word "exerted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) influenced
(B) applied
(C) returned
(D) lessened
205. The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for example, in French caves dating from the end of the last ice age, approximately 10, 000 years ago.
The word "restricted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) limited
(B) improved
(C) continued
(D) succeeded
206. The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms.
The word "intricate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) difficult
(B) widespread
(C) critical
(D) complex
207. A multitude of microorganisms (including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates ---
The expression "an army" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) an illness
(B) an attack
(C) a large number
(D) a distinct type
208. Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites. Although these mechanisms vary considerably, all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells.
The word "vary" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) differ
(B) endure
(C) balance
(D) contribute
209. Unimprovised, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of the best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during a performance has been a hallmark of the music and its major source of inspiration and change.
The word "cohesion" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sorrow
(B) fame
(C) unity
(D) vibration
210. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially called "hot" and later "swing."
The word "initially" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) at first
(B) shortly
(C) alphabetically
(D) in fact
211. In playing hot, a musician consciously departs from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the underlying rhythms.
The word "consciously" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) carelessly
(B) easily
(C) periodically
(D) purposely
212. Not all jazz is hot, however; many early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs.
The word "unadorned" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) lovely
(B) plain
(C) disorganized
(D) inexpensive
213. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one years to the next.
The word "enabled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) covered
(B) reminded
(C) helped
(D) isolated
214. They had to exercise considerable skill to produce the desired results, for their northern location meant fleeting growing seasons.
The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) planning
(B) much
(C) physical
(D) new
215. This green corn was boiled, dried, and shelled, with some of the maize slated for immediate consumption and the rest stored in animal-skin bags.
The word "consumption" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) decay
(B) planting
(C) eating
(D) conversion
216. With appropriate banking of the extrafood, the Mandans protected themselves against the disaster of crop failure and accompanying hunger.
The word "disaster" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) control
(B) catastrophe
(C) avoidance
(D) history
217. Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the earth (cosmic "rays" are not really a form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous different kinds) .
The word "constituents" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) relatives
(B) causes
(C) components
(D) targets
218. Its relative abundance never seems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly more of it; in others, slightly less, but the ratio of helium to hydrogen nucleial ways remains about the same.
The word "vary" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) mean
(B) stretch
(C) change
(D) include
219. However, the amount of helium that could have been produced in this manner can be calculated, and it turns out to be no more than a few percent.
The word "calculated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) ignored
(B) converted
(C) increased
(D) determined
220. By the time the universe was a few minutes old, helium production has effectively ceased.
The word "ceased" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) extended
(B) performed
(C) taken hold
(D) stopped
221. Wealthy and socially prominent settlers made quilts of the English type, cut from large lengths of cloth of the same color and texture rather than stitched together from smaller pieces.
The word " prominent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) isolated
(B) concerned
(C) generous
(D) distinguished
222. This term was usually applied to a fabric of wool and linen used in heavy clothing and quilted petticoats worn in the wintertime.
The phrase "applied to" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sewn onto
(B) compared to
(C) used for
(D) written down on
223. Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.
The word "coarser" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) older
(B) less heavy
(C) more attractive
(D) rougher
224. The linsey-woolsey covering was found in the colder regions of the country because of the warmth it afforded.
The word "afforded" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) provided
(B) spent
(C) avoided
(D) absorbed
225. Growing tightly packed together and collectively weaving a dense canopy of branches, a stand of red alder trees can totally dominate a site to the exclusion of almost everything else.
The word "dense" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) dark
(B) tall
(C) thick
(D) broad