Rose English Fantasy

376. The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated ware and house wares like cooking pots and storage jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes.
The word "confine" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) adapt
(B) train
(C) restrict
(D) organize

377. Some sixth-and fifth-century B. C. Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand.
The word "presumably" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) frequently
(B) practically
(C) preferably
(D) probably

378. The expense of moving a family to the ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of many, and the cost of tools draft animals, a wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the simplest house, might come to$1,000---a formidable barrier.
The word "formidable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) obvious
(B) predictable
(C) difficult
(D) manageable

379. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier conditions. And despite the intent of the law, speculators often managed to obtain large tracts.
The word "intent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) purpose
(B) power
(C) effect
(D) invention

380. The smooth operation of an ant colony depends on ten to twenty different signals, most of which are pheromones(chemical signals triggering behavioral responses) .
The phrase "smooth operation" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) daily activity
(B) effective functioning
(C) delicate balance
(D) permanent location

381. The simple of these is the carbon dioxide from the respiration of an ant cluster, a chemical that acts pheromone to promote aggregation.
The word "cluster" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) organ
(B) activity
(C) group
(D) cycle

382. Fire ants also make use of an alarm pheromone to alert workers to an emergency, and their scouts lay down a trail pheromone as a guide during mass migrations.
The word "alert" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) allow
(B) transport
(C) warn
(D) provide

383. A fire ant queen emits a chemical signal that identifies her to the colony's workers. They respond by scurrying to gather around her. The decomposing corpse of a dead ant also generates a signal, to which workers respond by eliminating the corpse from the nest.
The word "scurrying" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) agreeing
(B) appearing
(C) competing
(D) rushing

384. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible.
The word "accessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) buried
(B) improved
(C) available
(D) workable

385. Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance between a china teacup and an earthenware flowerpot.
The phrase "account for" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) reduce
(B) explain
(C) combine with
(D) list all of

386. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk.
The word "diverse" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) surrounding
(B) divided
(C) different
(D) stimulating

387. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words.
The word "noted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) theorized
(B) requested
(C) disagreed
(D) observed

388. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.
The word "emphasize" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) stress
(B) repeat
(C) explain
(D) leave out

389. When songs have been subjected to these processes, their origin is usually impossible to trace.
The word "subjected" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) reduced
(B) modified
(C) exposed
(D) imitated

390. This constant reshaping and re-creation is the essence of folk music. Consequently, modern popular songs and other published music, even though widely sung by people who are not professional musicians, are not considered folk music.
The word "essence" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) basic nature
(B) growing importance
(C) full extent
(D) first phase

391. In 1903 the members of the governing board of the University of Washington, in Seattle, engaged a firm of landscape architects, specialists in the design of outdoor environments --- Olmsted Brothers of Brookline, Massachusetts --- to advise them on an appropriate layout for the university grounds.
The word "engaged" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) trained
(B) hired
(C) described
(D) evaluated

392. John Olmsted did the investigation and subsequent report on Seattle's parks.
The word "subsequent" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) complicated
(B) alternate
(C) later
(D) detailed

393. With such unparalleled sums at their disposal, with the Olmsted guidelines to follow, and with the added incentive of wanting to have the city at its best for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition of 1909, the Parks Board bought aggressively.
The word "sums" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) problems
(B) amounts
(C) services
(D) debts

394. Many prehistoric people subsisted as hunters and gatherers. Undoubtedly, game animals, including some very large species, provided major components of human diets.
The word "Undoubtedly" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) occasionally
(B) unexpectedly
(C) previously
(D) certainly
The word "components" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) parts
(B) problems
(C) changes
(D) varieties

395. Hunter-gatherers may have contributed to Pleistocene extinctions in more indirect ways. Besides overhunting, at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested: direct competition, imbalances between competing species of game animals, and early agricultural practices.
The word "Besides" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) caused by
(B) whereas
(C) in addition to
(D) in favor of

396. If such hunters first competed with the larger predators and then replaced them, they may have allowed more young to survive each year, gradually increasing the populations of favored species.
The word "favored" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) large
(B) escaping
(C) preferred
(D) local

397. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well.
The word "integral" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) interesting
(B) fundamental
(C) ornamental
(D) overlooked

398. They flourished in Pennsyvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham's "Great and Stately Palace," its garden full of tulips.
The word "flourished" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) were discovered
(B) were marketed
(C) combined
(D) thrived

399. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter of the following year grumbled that they were all dead.
The word "grumbled" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) denied
(B) warned
(C) complained
(D) explained

400. No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common, one of the most obvious of which is a coma.
The word "identical" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) equally fast
(B) exactly alike
(C) near each other
(D) invisible